Introduction To Internet Programming

Introduction to Internet Programming

Introduction to Internet Programming Overview of the Internet What is the Internet ? The public Internet is a worldwide computer network, that is, a network that interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world Most of these computing devices are traditional desktop PCs, Unix -based workstations, and so called servers, that store and transmit information such as Web (WWW) pages and E-Mail

Client/Server & Peer-to-Peer Architectures

Client/Server Network Architecture
Client/Server network is a distributed network in which many
workstations (called Clients) are connected to a central host
computer (called Server)

Client/Server & Peer-to-Peer
Architectures…

• Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture
• In a peer-to-peer network, workstations are connected to each
  other and do not rely on a server for global software and data
• Its major roles are data processing tasks, or communication
  within the network
• Each workstation can be a client at one time and a server at
  another time

Web Principle
How the Web Works ?

• To access the web, a user must have a computer that
  connected to the Internet and appropriate browser software.
  Such as Firefox
• The connection between the user’s computer and the Internet
  can consist of a permanent (dedicated) connection or a
  temporary (dial-up) connection
• Basically, two pieces of software are needed to access the web:
• I Basic communication software
• I Web application programs

 

Web Principle…
How the Web Works ?…

• Basic communication software:- that a computer uses to
  transfer data across the Internet
• Basic communication software, usually built into the
  computer’s operating system, allows the computer to interact
  with the Internet following a set of protocol standards that
  are collectively known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control
  Protocol /Internet Protocol)
• Because it is built into the computer’s operating system, TCP/IP software remains hidden from users

Web Principle…

How the Web Works ?…

• The operating system (OS) is the most important program
  that runs on a computer
• Every general-purpose computer must have an operating
  system to run other programs and applications
• Computer operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
  recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the
  display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the
  storage drives, and controlling peripherals device, such as
  printers

Web Principle…

How the Web Works ?…

• A web application program:- known as a browser that can
  contact a web site to obtain and display information
• Unlike basic communication software, a browser is directly
  visible to the user
• To access the web, the user must invoke the browser and
  enter a request
• The browser then acts as a client
• The browser contacts a web server, obtains the requested
  information, and displays the information for the user

Outline

Overview of the Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)
Client/Server & Peer-to-Peer Network Architectures
Web Principle
Internet Protocol (IP) & HTTP
Web Site
Web Site Evaluation
Client Side Scripting Languages
Server Side Scripting Languages

What is the Internet ?

The public Internet is a worldwide computer network, that
is, a network that interconnects millions of computing devices
throughout the world
Most of these computing devices are traditional desktop PCs,
Unix -based workstations, and so called servers, that store
and transmit information such as Web (WWW) pages and
E-Mail

 

What is World Wide Web ?

World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of information
resources accessed primarily through the Internet
It is a set of Internet protocols and software that present
information in a hypertext format
Hypertext is a text which displayed on a computer display or
on other electronic device with references (hyper link) to
other text that the reader can immediately access
WWW is a computer-based network of information resources
that combines text and multimedia

Client/Server Network Architecture

Client/Server network is a distributed network in which many
workstations (called Clients) are connected to a central host
computer (called Server

 

Client/Server & Peer-to-Peer Architectures…

Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture
In a peer-to-peer network, workstations are connected to each
other and do not rely on a server for global software and data
Its major roles are data processing tasks, or communication
within the network
Each workstation can be a client at one time and a server at
another time

Web Principle
How the Web Works ?

To access the web, a user must have a computer that
connected to the Internet and appropriate browser software.
Such as Firefox
The connection between the user’s computer and the Internet
can consist of a permanent (dedicated) connection or a
temporary (dial-up) connection
Basically, two pieces of software are needed to access the web:
I Basic communication software
I Web application programs

How the Web Works ?…

Basic communication software:- that a computer uses to
transfer data across the Internet
Basic communication software, usually built into the
computer’s operating system, allows the computer to interact
with the Internet following a set of protocol standards that
are collectively known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol /Internet Protocol)
Because it is built into the computer’s operating system,
TCP/IP software remains hidden from users

How the Web Works ?…

The operating system (OS) is the most important program
that runs on a computer
Every general-purpose computer must have an operating
system to run other programs and applications
Computer operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the
storage drives, and controlling peripherals device, such as
printers

How the Web Works ?…

A web application program:- known as a browser that can
contact a web site to obtain and display information
Unlike basic communication software, a browser is directly
visible to the user
To access the web, the user must invoke the browser and
enter a request
The browser then acts as a client
The browser contacts a web server, obtains the requested
information, and displays the information for the user

Internet Protocol (IP) & HTTP
IP – Layer 3 Protocol

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3)
protocol that contains addressing information and some
control information that enables packets to be routed
IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols
IP has two primary responsibilities:
I Providing connection-less, best-effort delivery of data-gram
through an inter-network and,
I Providing fragmentation

Internet Protocol (IP) & HTTP…

HTTP – Application Layer Protocol
HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
It is an Application layer protocol
It is used to access a WWW and accompanying data over
Internet
HTTP’s syntax format is: http://www.xxxx.xxx. For
instance, http://www.realsourcecode.com

Web Site
What is Web Site ?

A site or website is a central location of various web pages
that are all related and can be accessed by visiting the home
page of the website using a browser
Web page is a single hypertext page which is accessible via
Internet

Types of Web Site

Generally, there are two types of web site/web page
Static Web Site: it is a site which does not frequently
update; Usually, it gives similar info to its users
Dynamic Web Site: it is a site which does frequently
update; Usually, it gives different ad vast info to its users

Web Site Design Tools/Editors

Currently, there are different web site design tools. Some of
them are as follows

• WordPress
• Joomla
• Constant Contact Builder
• Site Builder
• Gator Builder
• Divi
• Weebly
• Adobe Photoshop
•  Adobe Dreamweaver
•  GIMP
• Sketch, Xampp(Backend tool ) and others…